Besides using it for strenuous parts of my work continuously since 2012, I've done regular benchmarks on my current workstation after ANY change of software since it was running Windows 7. In October 2013 I upgraded it to Windows 8.1.
Even though I know how to keep a Windows system working at tip-top performance, and even optimize it over time, there has been a decline in performance of the operating system on this hardware. The best performance overall, both in benchmarks and in real work, I experienced in 2013 before upgrading it to Windows 8.1. The overall hit to performance to move to Windows 8.1 was only a few percent overall, but it was noticeable.
Since then I've upgraded the monitors and graphics card, having put a more powerful workstation card in it about a year ago. I've added some SSDs as data disks but they don't participate in the benchmarks.
What have I seen?
I have measured performance changes specifically seen in these discrete places:
* In late 2013 I lost about 5% overall performance when Win 8.1 replaced Win 7.
* Direct2D took a serious discrete performance hit that affected benchmarks overall but not really the real work I do back at the end of 2014.
* I gained back some display performance, which boosted overall benchmark numbers a little, when I installed a new graphics card in mid 2017.
* I saw an overall 5%+ overall performance loss with the June 2018 cumulative update with Spectre and Meltdown mitigations DISABLED, which I was able to undo (and regain performance) by uninstalling the update. The important thing about these losses is that they were in disk I/O and display performance, which really do affect real work.
In summary:
Comparing overall performance numbers from late 2013 running Windows 7 to the June 2018 Windows Update of Windows 8.1, and accounting for an approximately 4% overall score boost due to the new graphics card, I'd say performance is down today from when I first started carefully measuring this hardware's capability by about 15%, and this does not include the MAJOR performance hit due to Spectre and Meltdown mitigations when they are enabled.
The difference, at this level, of the price of machines that can do X and 15% more than X is not insignificant.
Add another 20% to 30% loss in performance if you DO want the Spectre and Meltdown mitigations.
What price security?
Don't let fear of the unknown blind you to the degradation of the operating system being systematically done by Microsoft.
-Noel