I signed up to say thanks! I was going nutss with this problem. I have Vista Ultimate on a Japanese Lenovo Thinkpad x61 tablet. Suddenly Vista stopped recognizing the Japanese keyboard, maybe after a Lenvo software update (not sure exactly). After struggling with the usual solutions, this fixed it. I also found a MS KB article that has more details and options: Windows Vista may not use the correct keyboard layout, which lists these values: LayerDriverJPN REG_SZ kbd106.dll OverrideKeyboardIdentifier REG_SZ PCAT_106KEY OverrideKeyboardSubtype DWORD 2 OverrideKeyboardType DWORD 7